Distributor for fluids



March 7, 1944. H, KLEIN mL 2,343,560

DISTRIBUTOR FOR FLUIDS Filed June 10, 1941 Patented Mar. 7, 1944 UNETED .STATES ENT OFF?! Drs'iitinu'ron Foa rapine 4 u Hans Klein, .Mannheini, @tto Hernmann and Rudolf Keinke, Leuna, and Oskar Hofmann and Wilhelm Boe/limer, Halle-cn-thefSaale,` Germany; vested inthe Alien `Property V Custodian Application .lune A1l), 1941, Serial No; 397,272

In Germany June l5, 1940 f 4 creams. co1. isomer) may even be desirableinmany cases if the speed .1,

of flow of the materials to be introduced is diminished before their `entry into the enlarged space, the speed of flow must be'decreased only slightly and preferably not at all, or the speed of now must even be increased in other cases to pre- 15 the said manner the partition walls D and the vent undesired reactions or ignitions occurring connection ribs F (see Fig. 2) which keep the before the reaction chamber. This is especially latter at the desired distance from each other, diicult to accomplish if the gases or liquids, in have proper shapes, for example the shape of entering the enlarged vessel, are to be uniformly an inverted stream-lined body.

distributed over its whole cross-sectional area. 2o In order to ensure a uniform distribution 0f In the apparatus hitherto used the Speed of flow the gas over the whole cross-sectional area of S C0I1Sds1ah1y-dmhshed at the plaCe Where the the reaction chamber, the channels become small- Supply plpe 1s Joined to the enlarged vessel by a erin width from the outer channel inwards, viz. funnel-shaped connecting tube. from a1 to a4, so that channel ai, being largest Wg hfaie now fcund tlatd a rdedtlon 0f the 25 in diameter, also allows the greatest volume of spee o ow can e avoi e an e gases, vaas to agg pors or liquids can be uniformly distributed over g In thi funnepshaped Openings of the @harman crlhgl;eogaggofntleeld displacer bodies E are insertedD to provide for e another s littin of the curren of 'as assin shaped tube, which connects the supply-pipe with :au through aoh hannel. f the gaes lijowin the enlarged reaction chamber, a distributor through the annular space formed by A and B conlilprising a pliti'rahtlhotil mlll'lclannels 0f describe a helical path, as easily occurs, they are so; gsaes t an? sie ip am? aligned the disfbugof Sistem aigcf' ing o our inven ion. or er o assis is e being so proportioned to one another as to eect of the connection ribs F' between the partition a uniform distribution of the gases vapors or walls D blade-shaped and to direct the ends of the n blades towards the flow of the materials as shown quids over the whole cross sectional area of Fi 3 the enlarged vessel. For this purpose, the an- 4o m g' nular channels are so proportioned in diameter To prevent the' owmg mammals from formmg that they are largest in the outer zone but be- Whu'ls they should 1,1013 py the Walls, of the chan' come increasingly more narrow towards the nels or the connecting ribs, be deviated by more middle. than about 6 from the axial direction.

The object of our present invention will be i5 The fstlhlltorhiay, depending on the mate more fully understood from the following descripals Wlth Whlqh n; 1S to be :Ontacted m use be tion when read with reference to the accommade of a' Vanety of mammals for eXamp1e-0f pauyng drawing Whoh diagrammatioauy mus iron or other metals, wood or ceramic material. trates by Way of example, a distributor of the whenzmade Of the latter matrlal annular type designed for use in the conversion of gases. 50 partition walls can be formed from moulded ma- In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a cross section along the terial and the lribs provided between the walls longitudinal axis of the distributor; Fig. 2 is a S0 Shaped that the distributor may be assembled section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 ring by ring, and held in assembled relationship is a broken away detail showing one of the conby suitable means, for instance, the pin H. In nection ribs. 65 this case the ribs are preferably divided and the In the supply pipe A the rod-shaped vdisplacer` body B is so arranged that its conical end extends through'the funnel shapedftube Gconnecting thefs'upply pipe 'A 'with thefreection chamber C; and projects yinto the enlarge'd='re action chamber C.V The 'gas-mixtureto befreacted in chamber C flows' through the annular free space of the/tube G into the-channels a2, as and as of the distributor. VIn proportion as the tube G widens, the channels are -de'creasedin diameter so that the-'free'crosssectional.area of the 'total' of the'channels is kept unchanged andthe speed oi :flowof- 'the vgases fis but little diminished. For constricting the channels in upper parts thereof made integral with the annular parts of the walls.

All those parts of the distributor contacting the streaming materials are made as smooth as possible, using, for example, glazed brick, so as to avoid whirls and similar troubles in the streaming material.

Distributors in accordance with our present invention may be used for cold or hot gases, vapors or liquids. Their exit area may be in any direction. When turned upwards it may serve at the same time for a grate, for example for filler bodies or catalysts. The distributors are especially suited for apparatus in which gases, for example hydrocarbons, are to be reacted with other gases, for example oxygen or chlorine. In all these cases it is necessary to prevent that the speed of ilow of the gases, on passing to the enlarged reaction chamber, be markedly diminished, in order to avoid troubles, for example undesired reactions or ignitions.

f What we claim is: 1

1. In a distributor for iluids, the combination with a fluid supply pipe and an enlarged chamber with which said supply pipe communicates, of a funnel shaped tube connecting said supply pipe and said enlarged chamber, a central cylindrical core in said funnel shaped tube, deilning a ilaring annular opening, a plurality of spaced apart, concentric, annular partition members arranged within said annular opening and deiining a plurality of annular concentric channels for the passage of fluid, said annular partitions being so shaped that at any point the total free crosssectional area of said channels dened thereby is approximately equal with the cross-sectional area of the supply pipe, whereby the rate of ilow of fluid through said channels is approximately the same as the rate of ow through said supply pipe; and said annular partition members being so shaped that the cross-sectional area of the diilerent channels are so proportioned to one another that equal amounts of fluid per unit of cross-sectional area ow through each channel, whereby said iluid is uniformly distributed over the whole cross-sectional area of said enlarged chamber.

2. A distributor, as specied in claim i, in which connection ribs are arranged between said annular partition members to maintain said partitions at the desired distance from each other.

3. A distributor, as specified in claim 1, in which connection ribs are arranged between said annular partition members to maintain said partitions at the desired distancefrom each other and displacer bodies are inserted into the ends of the channels formed by said partition walls.

4. A distributor, as specified in claim 1, in which said annular partition members defining said channels are inverted streamlined bodies regarded in the direction of ilow of the uid.

4HANS KLEIN.

O'I'I'O HEMMANN. RUDOLF KEINKE. OSKAR HOFMANN. WILHELM BOEHMER. 

